Same issue as seen earlier in the tsan job. Fix it the same way, by
switching to cmake to avoid autotools' libtool confusing the analyzer.
Ref: 2a46df31fd#18274
Configuration remains identical. I removed libssh2 from the installed
packages, because it was unused before, but cmake enabled it by default
and libssh2 has memory leaks:
Ref: https://github.com/curl/curl/actions/runs/17941312820/job/51018425159
Fixing:
```
/usr/bin/llvm-symbolizer-18: /home/runner/work/curl/curl/bld/lib/.libs/libcurl.so.4: no version information available (required by /usr/bin/llvm-symbolizer-18)
/usr/bin/llvm-symbolizer-18: symbol lookup error: /home/runner/work/curl/curl/bld/lib/.libs/libcurl.so.4: undefined symbol: __asan_option_detect_stack_use_after_return
==33900==WARNING: Can't read from symbolizer at fd 3
[..]
==33900==WARNING: Can't write to symbolizer at fd 6
==33900==WARNING: Failed to use and restart external symbolizer
```
Ref: https://github.com/curl/curl/actions/runs/17939949191/job/51013953675?pr=18693
Cherry-picked from #18693Closes#18696
b326293619