diff --git a/lib/asyn-thrdd.c b/lib/asyn-thrdd.c
index c64f876830..aeadec11a4 100644
--- a/lib/asyn-thrdd.c
+++ b/lib/asyn-thrdd.c
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ struct async_thrdd_item {
 #ifdef CURLVERBOSE
   char description[CURL_ASYN_ITEM_DESC_LEN];
 #endif
-  int sock_error;
+  int sockerr;
   uint32_t mid;
   uint32_t resolv_id;
   uint16_t port;
@@ -372,9 +372,9 @@ static void async_thrdd_item_process(void *arg)
 
   rc = Curl_getaddrinfo_ex(item->hostname, service, &hints, &item->res);
   if(rc) {
-    item->sock_error = SOCKERRNO ? SOCKERRNO : rc;
-    if(item->sock_error == 0)
-      item->sock_error = RESOLVER_ENOMEM;
+    item->sockerr = SOCKERRNO ? SOCKERRNO : rc;
+    if(item->sockerr == 0)
+      item->sockerr = RESOLVER_ENOMEM;
   }
   else {
     Curl_addrinfo_set_port(item->res, item->port);
@@ -399,9 +399,9 @@ static void async_thrdd_item_process(void *arg)
 #endif
   item->res = Curl_ipv4_resolve_r(item->hostname, item->port);
   if(!item->res) {
-    item->sock_error = SOCKERRNO;
-    if(item->sock_error == 0)
-      item->sock_error = RESOLVER_ENOMEM;
+    item->sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
+    if(item->sockerr == 0)
+      item->sockerr = RESOLVER_ENOMEM;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/cf-socket.c b/lib/cf-socket.c
index b1447c20f0..0741f2ba41 100644
--- a/lib/cf-socket.c
+++ b/lib/cf-socket.c
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ static CURLcode bindlocal(struct Curl_easy *data, struct connectdata *conn,
   const char *host_input = data->set.str[STRING_BINDHOST];
   const char *iface = iface_input ? iface_input : dev;
   const char *host = host_input ? host_input : dev;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
 #ifdef IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT
   int on = 1;
 #endif
@@ -715,9 +715,9 @@ static CURLcode bindlocal(struct Curl_easy *data, struct connectdata *conn,
       if(iface_input && !host_input) {
         /* Do not fall back to treating it as a hostname */
         char buffer[STRERROR_LEN];
-        data->state.os_errno = error = SOCKERRNO;
+        data->state.os_errno = sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
         failf(data, "Could not bind to interface '%s' with errno %d: %s",
-              iface, error, curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+              iface, sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
         return CURLE_INTERFACE_FAILED;
       }
       break;
@@ -819,9 +819,9 @@ static CURLcode bindlocal(struct Curl_easy *data, struct connectdata *conn,
          generic resolve error. */
       char buffer[STRERROR_LEN];
       data->state.errorbuf = FALSE;
-      data->state.os_errno = error = SOCKERRNO;
+      data->state.os_errno = sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       failf(data, "Could not bind to '%s' with errno %d: %s", host,
-            error, curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+            sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
       return CURLE_INTERFACE_FAILED;
     }
   }
@@ -870,9 +870,9 @@ static CURLcode bindlocal(struct Curl_easy *data, struct connectdata *conn,
   }
   {
     char buffer[STRERROR_LEN];
-    data->state.os_errno = error = SOCKERRNO;
+    data->state.os_errno = sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     failf(data, "bind failed with errno %d: %s",
-          error, curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+          sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
   }
 
   return CURLE_INTERFACE_FAILED;
@@ -882,12 +882,12 @@ static CURLcode bindlocal(struct Curl_easy *data, struct connectdata *conn,
 /*
  * verifyconnect() returns TRUE if the connect really has happened.
  */
-static bool verifyconnect(curl_socket_t sockfd, int *error)
+static bool verifyconnect(curl_socket_t sockfd, int *psockerr)
 {
   bool rc = TRUE;
 #ifdef SO_ERROR
-  int err = 0;
-  curl_socklen_t errSize = sizeof(err);
+  int sockerr = 0;
+  curl_socklen_t errSize = sizeof(sockerr);
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
   /*
@@ -908,27 +908,27 @@ static bool verifyconnect(curl_socket_t sockfd, int *error)
   SleepEx(0, FALSE);
 #endif
 
-  if(getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (void *)&err, &errSize))
-    err = SOCKERRNO;
+  if(getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (void *)&sockerr, &errSize))
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
 #if defined(EBADIOCTL) && defined(__minix)
   /* Minix 3.1.x does not support getsockopt on UDP sockets */
-  if(EBADIOCTL == err) {
+  if(EBADIOCTL == sockerr) {
     SET_SOCKERRNO(0);
-    err = 0;
+    sockerr = 0;
   }
 #endif
-  if((err == 0) || (SOCKEISCONN == err))
+  if((sockerr == 0) || (SOCKEISCONN == sockerr))
     /* we are connected, awesome! */
     rc = TRUE;
   else
     /* This was not a successful connect */
     rc = FALSE;
-  if(error)
-    *error = err;
+  if(psockerr)
+    *psockerr = sockerr;
 #else
   (void)sockfd;
-  if(error)
-    *error = SOCKERRNO;
+  if(psockerr)
+    *psockerr = SOCKERRNO;
 #endif
   return rc;
 }
@@ -937,19 +937,19 @@ static bool verifyconnect(curl_socket_t sockfd, int *error)
  * Determine the curl code for a socket connect() == -1 with errno.
  */
 static CURLcode socket_connect_result(struct Curl_easy *data,
-                                      const char *ipaddress, int error)
+                                      const char *ipaddress, int sockerr)
 {
-  if(error == SOCKEINPROGRESS || SOCK_EAGAIN(error))
+  if(sockerr == SOCKEINPROGRESS || SOCK_EAGAIN(sockerr))
     return CURLE_OK;
 
   /* unknown error, fallthrough and try another address! */
   {
     VERBOSE(char buffer[STRERROR_LEN]);
     infof(data, "Immediate connect fail for %s: %s", ipaddress,
-          curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+          curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
     NOVERBOSE((void)ipaddress);
   }
-  data->state.os_errno = error;
+  data->state.os_errno = sockerr;
   /* connect failed */
   return CURLE_COULDNT_CONNECT;
 }
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ struct cf_socket_ctx {
   struct curltime last_sndbuf_query_at;  /* when SO_SNDBUF last queried */
   ULONG sndbuf_size;                     /* the last set SO_SNDBUF size */
 #endif
-  int error;                         /* errno of last failure or 0 */
+  int sockerr;                       /* socket error of last failure or 0 */
 #ifdef DEBUGBUILD
   int wblock_percent;                /* percent of writes doing EAGAIN */
   int wpartial_percent;              /* percent of bytes written in send */
@@ -1087,9 +1087,9 @@ static void set_local_ip(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
 
     memset(&ssloc, 0, sizeof(ssloc));
     if(getsockname(ctx->sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ssloc, &slen)) {
-      VERBOSE(int error = SOCKERRNO);
+      VERBOSE(int sockerr = SOCKERRNO);
       infof(data, "getsockname() failed with errno %d: %s",
-            error, curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+            sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
     }
     else if(!sockaddr2string((struct sockaddr *)&ssloc, slen,
                              ctx->ip.local_ip, &ctx->ip.local_port)) {
@@ -1114,7 +1114,10 @@ static CURLcode set_remote_ip(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
                       ctx->ip.remote_ip, &ctx->ip.remote_port)) {
     char buffer[STRERROR_LEN];
 
-    ctx->error = errno;
+    /* using bare errno instead of SOCKERRNO is safe here, because
+       sockaddr2string() calls curlx_inet_ntop(), and they both report failures
+       via errno (even on Windows builds). */
+    ctx->sockerr = errno;
     /* malformed address or bug in inet_ntop, try next address */
     failf(data, "curl_sa_addr inet_ntop() failed with errno %d: %s",
           errno, curlx_strerror(errno, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
@@ -1258,7 +1261,7 @@ static CURLcode cf_socket_open(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
   error = curlx_nonblock(ctx->sock, TRUE);
   if(error < 0) {
     result = CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
-    ctx->error = SOCKERRNO;
+    ctx->sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     goto out;
   }
 #else
@@ -1268,7 +1271,7 @@ static CURLcode cf_socket_open(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
     error = curlx_nonblock(ctx->sock, TRUE);
     if(error < 0) {
       result = CURLE_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL;
-      ctx->error = SOCKERRNO;
+      ctx->sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       goto out;
     }
   }
@@ -1361,7 +1364,7 @@ static CURLcode cf_tcp_connect(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
 
   *done = FALSE; /* a negative world view is best */
   if(ctx->sock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    int error;
+    int sockerr;
 
     result = cf_socket_open(cf, data);
     if(result)
@@ -1374,13 +1377,13 @@ static CURLcode cf_tcp_connect(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
 
     /* Connect TCP socket */
     rc = do_connect(cf, data, (bool)cf->conn->bits.tcp_fastopen);
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     set_local_ip(cf, data);
     CURL_TRC_CF(data, cf, "local address %s port %d...",
                 ctx->ip.local_ip, ctx->ip.local_port);
     if(rc == -1) {
-      ctx->error = error;
-      result = socket_connect_result(data, ctx->ip.remote_ip, error);
+      ctx->sockerr = sockerr;
+      result = socket_connect_result(data, ctx->ip.remote_ip, sockerr);
       goto out;
     }
   }
@@ -1400,7 +1403,7 @@ static CURLcode cf_tcp_connect(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
     return CURLE_OK;
   }
   else if(rc == CURL_CSELECT_OUT || cf->conn->bits.tcp_fastopen) {
-    if(verifyconnect(ctx->sock, &ctx->error)) {
+    if(verifyconnect(ctx->sock, &ctx->sockerr)) {
       /* we are connected with TCP, awesome! */
       ctx->connected_at = *Curl_pgrs_now(data);
       set_local_ip(cf, data);
@@ -1412,7 +1415,7 @@ static CURLcode cf_tcp_connect(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
   }
   else if(rc & CURL_CSELECT_ERR) {
     CURL_TRC_CF(data, cf, "poll/select error on fd=%" FMT_SOCKET_T, ctx->sock);
-    (void)verifyconnect(ctx->sock, &ctx->error);
+    (void)verifyconnect(ctx->sock, &ctx->sockerr);
     result = CURLE_COULDNT_CONNECT;
   }
 
@@ -1420,10 +1423,10 @@ out:
   if(result) {
     VERBOSE(char buffer[STRERROR_LEN]);
     set_local_ip(cf, data);
-    if(ctx->error) {
-      data->state.os_errno = ctx->error;
-      SET_SOCKERRNO(ctx->error);
-      VERBOSE(curlx_strerror(ctx->error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+    if(ctx->sockerr) {
+      data->state.os_errno = ctx->sockerr;
+      SET_SOCKERRNO(ctx->sockerr);
+      VERBOSE(curlx_strerror(ctx->sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
     }
     else {
       VERBOSE(curlx_strcopy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), STRCONST("peer closed")));
@@ -1435,7 +1438,7 @@ out:
     infof(data, "connect to %s port %u from %s port %d failed: %s",
           ctx->ip.remote_ip, ctx->ip.remote_port,
           ctx->ip.local_ip, ctx->ip.local_port,
-          curlx_strerror(ctx->error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+          curlx_strerror(ctx->sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
     *done = FALSE;
   }
   return result;
@@ -2108,9 +2111,9 @@ static void cf_tcp_set_accepted_remote_ip(struct Curl_cfilter *cf,
   plen = sizeof(ssrem);
   memset(&ssrem, 0, plen);
   if(getpeername(ctx->sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ssrem, &plen)) {
-    int error = SOCKERRNO;
+    int sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     failf(data, "getpeername() failed with errno %d: %s",
-          error, curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+          sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
     return;
   }
   if(!sockaddr2string((struct sockaddr *)&ssrem, plen,
diff --git a/lib/ftp.c b/lib/ftp.c
index 3200e20674..7f48c8a262 100644
--- a/lib/ftp.c
+++ b/lib/ftp.c
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ static CURLcode ftp_port_open_socket(struct Curl_easy *data,
                                      curl_socket_t *portsockp)
 {
   char buffer[STRERROR_LEN];
-  int error = 0;
+  int sockerr = 0;
   const struct Curl_addrinfo *ai;
   CURLcode result = CURLE_FTP_PORT_FAILED;
 
@@ -1095,14 +1095,14 @@ static CURLcode ftp_port_open_socket(struct Curl_easy *data,
       if(result == CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY)
         return result;
       result = CURLE_FTP_PORT_FAILED;
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       continue;
     }
     break;
   }
   if(!ai) {
     failf(data, "socket failure: %s",
-          curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+          curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
     return CURLE_FTP_PORT_FAILED;
   }
   *aip = ai;
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ static CURLcode ftp_port_bind_socket(struct Curl_easy *data,
 #endif
   char buffer[STRERROR_LEN];
   unsigned short port;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
 
   memcpy(sa, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen);
   *sslen_io = ai->ai_addrlen;
@@ -1144,13 +1144,13 @@ static CURLcode ftp_port_bind_socket(struct Curl_easy *data,
       sa6->sin6_port = htons(port);
 #endif
     if(bind(portsock, sa, *sslen_io)) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
-      if(non_local && (error == SOCKEADDRNOTAVAIL)) {
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
+      if(non_local && (sockerr == SOCKEADDRNOTAVAIL)) {
         /* The requested bind address is not local. Use the address used for
          * the control connection instead and restart the port loop.
          */
         infof(data, "bind(port=%hu) on non-local address failed: %s", port,
-              curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+              curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
 
         *sslen_io = sizeof(*ss);
         if(getsockname(conn->sock[FIRSTSOCKET], sa, sslen_io)) {
@@ -1162,9 +1162,9 @@ static CURLcode ftp_port_bind_socket(struct Curl_easy *data,
         non_local = FALSE; /* do not try this again */
         continue;
       }
-      if(error != SOCKEADDRINUSE && error != SOCKEACCES) {
+      if(sockerr != SOCKEADDRINUSE && sockerr != SOCKEACCES) {
         failf(data, "bind(port=%hu) failed: %s", port,
-              curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+              curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
         return CURLE_FTP_PORT_FAILED;
       }
     }
diff --git a/lib/socketpair.c b/lib/socketpair.c
index ed410ec180..39a0e319b0 100644
--- a/lib/socketpair.c
+++ b/lib/socketpair.c
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ int Curl_wakeup_init(curl_socket_t socks[2], bool nonblocking)
 
 int Curl_wakeup_signal(curl_socket_t socks[2])
 {
-  int err = 0;
+  int sockerr = 0;
 #ifdef USE_EVENTFD
   const uint64_t buf[1] = { 1 };
 #else
@@ -310,19 +310,19 @@ int Curl_wakeup_signal(curl_socket_t socks[2])
 #endif
 
   while(1) {
-    err = 0;
+    sockerr = 0;
     if(wakeup_write(socks[1], buf, sizeof(buf)) < 0) {
-      err = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
 #ifndef USE_WINSOCK
-      if(err == SOCKEINTR)
+      if(sockerr == SOCKEINTR)
         continue;
 #endif
-      if(SOCK_EAGAIN(err))
-        err = 0; /* wakeup is already ongoing */
+      if(SOCK_EAGAIN(sockerr))
+        sockerr = 0; /* wakeup is already ongoing */
     }
     break;
   }
-  return err;
+  return sockerr;
 }
 
 CURLcode Curl_wakeup_consume(curl_socket_t socks[2], bool all)
diff --git a/lib/telnet.c b/lib/telnet.c
index 1f7c8d8c0a..5a53962079 100644
--- a/lib/telnet.c
+++ b/lib/telnet.c
@@ -1372,9 +1372,9 @@ static CURLcode telnet_do(struct Curl_easy *data, bool *done)
     case WAIT_OBJECT_0: {
       events.lNetworkEvents = 0;
       if(WSAEnumNetworkEvents(sockfd, event_handle, &events) != 0) {
-        int err = SOCKERRNO;
-        if(err != SOCKEINPROGRESS) {
-          infof(data, "WSAEnumNetworkEvents failed (%d)", err);
+        int sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
+        if(sockerr != SOCKEINPROGRESS) {
+          infof(data, "WSAEnumNetworkEvents failed (%d)", sockerr);
           keepon = FALSE;
           result = CURLE_READ_ERROR;
         }
diff --git a/lib/tftp.c b/lib/tftp.c
index df9f4fa959..00e89752bd 100644
--- a/lib/tftp.c
+++ b/lib/tftp.c
@@ -1197,9 +1197,9 @@ static CURLcode tftp_multi_statemach(struct Curl_easy *data, bool *done)
 
     if(rc == -1) {
       /* bail out */
-      int error = SOCKERRNO;
+      int sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       char buffer[STRERROR_LEN];
-      failf(data, "%s", curlx_strerror(error, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+      failf(data, "%s", curlx_strerror(sockerr, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
       state->event = TFTP_EVENT_ERROR;
     }
     else if(rc) {
diff --git a/tests/libtest/first.h b/tests/libtest/first.h
index ea6db62b91..f4ddb27e14 100644
--- a/tests/libtest/first.h
+++ b/tests/libtest/first.h
@@ -484,12 +484,12 @@ void ws_close(CURL *curl);  /* close the connection */
 #define exe_select_test(A, B, C, D, E, Y, Z)                             \
   do {                                                                   \
     if(select_wrapper(A, B, C, D, E) == -1) {                            \
-      int ec = SOCKERRNO;                                                \
-      char ecbuf[STRERROR_LEN];                                          \
+      int sockerr = SOCKERRNO;                                           \
+      char sockerrbuf[STRERROR_LEN];                                     \
       curl_mfprintf(stderr,                                              \
-                    "%s:%d select() failed, with "                       \
-                    "errno %d (%s)\n",                                   \
-                    Y, Z, ec, curlx_strerror(ec, ecbuf, sizeof(ecbuf))); \
+                    "%s:%d select() failed, with errno %d (%s)\n", Y, Z, \
+                    sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, sockerrbuf,         \
+                                            sizeof(sockerrbuf)));        \
       result = TEST_ERR_SELECT;                                          \
     }                                                                    \
   } while(0)
diff --git a/tests/server/dnsd.c b/tests/server/dnsd.c
index 179703c407..443d93aa15 100644
--- a/tests/server/dnsd.c
+++ b/tests/server/dnsd.c
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ static int test_dnsd(int argc, const char **argv)
   curl_socket_t sock = CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   int flag;
   int rc;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int result = 0;
   struct resp *resp;
@@ -840,18 +840,18 @@ static int test_dnsd(int argc, const char **argv)
 #endif
 
   if(sock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error creating socket (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     result = 1;
     goto dnsd_cleanup;
   }
 
   flag = 1;
   if(setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void *)&flag, sizeof(flag))) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     result = 1;
     goto dnsd_cleanup;
   }
@@ -875,9 +875,9 @@ static int test_dnsd(int argc, const char **argv)
   }
 #endif /* USE_IPV6 */
   if(rc) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error binding socket on port %hu (%d) %s", port,
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     result = 1;
     goto dnsd_cleanup;
   }
@@ -897,9 +897,9 @@ static int test_dnsd(int argc, const char **argv)
       la_size = sizeof(localaddr.sa6);
 #endif
     if(getsockname(sock, &localaddr.sa, &la_size) < 0) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("getsockname() failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       sclose(sock);
       goto dnsd_cleanup;
     }
diff --git a/tests/server/mqttd.c b/tests/server/mqttd.c
index b583575730..9ee37f291e 100644
--- a/tests/server/mqttd.c
+++ b/tests/server/mqttd.c
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ static bool mqttd_incoming(curl_socket_t listenfd)
 
   do {
     ssize_t rc;
-    int error = 0;
+    int sockerr = 0;
     char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
     curl_socket_t sockfd = listenfd;
     int maxfd = (int)sockfd;
@@ -732,20 +732,20 @@ static bool mqttd_incoming(curl_socket_t listenfd)
         logmsg("signalled to die, exiting...");
         return FALSE;
       }
-    } while((rc == -1) && ((error = SOCKERRNO) == SOCKEINTR));
+    } while((rc == -1) && ((sockerr = SOCKERRNO) == SOCKEINTR));
 
     if(rc < 0) {
       logmsg("select() failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       return FALSE;
     }
 
     if(FD_ISSET(sockfd, &fds_read)) {
       curl_socket_t newfd = accept(sockfd, NULL, NULL);
       if(newfd == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-        error = SOCKERRNO;
+        sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
         logmsg("accept() failed with error (%d) %s",
-               error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+               sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       }
       else {
         logmsg("====> Client connect, fd %ld. "
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ static int test_mqttd(int argc, const char *argv[])
   int wrotepidfile = 0;
   int wroteportfile = 0;
   bool juggle_again;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int arg = 1;
 
@@ -872,9 +872,9 @@ static int test_mqttd(int argc, const char *argv[])
   sock = socket(socket_domain, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
 
   if(sock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error creating socket (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto mqttd_cleanup;
   }
 
diff --git a/tests/server/rtspd.c b/tests/server/rtspd.c
index 01c6155cb5..84e559f726 100644
--- a/tests/server/rtspd.c
+++ b/tests/server/rtspd.c
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ storerequest_cleanup:
 /* return 0 on success, non-zero on failure */
 static int rtspd_get_request(curl_socket_t sock, struct rtspd_httprequest *req)
 {
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int fail = 0;
   int done_processing = 0;
@@ -665,9 +665,9 @@ static int rtspd_get_request(curl_socket_t sock, struct rtspd_httprequest *req)
       fail = 1;
     }
     else if(got < 0) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("recv() returned error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       fail = 1;
     }
     if(fail) {
@@ -975,9 +975,9 @@ static int rtspd_send_doc(curl_socket_t sock, struct rtspd_httprequest *req)
               break;
             if(res) {
               /* should not happen */
-              error = SOCKERRNO;
+              int sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
               logmsg("curlx_wait_ms() failed with error (%d) %s",
-                     error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+                     sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
               break;
             }
           }
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ static int test_rtspd(int argc, const char *argv[])
   unsigned short port = 8999;
   struct rtspd_httprequest req;
   int rc;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int arg = 1;
 
@@ -1118,17 +1118,17 @@ static int test_rtspd(int argc, const char *argv[])
 #endif
 
   if(sock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error creating socket (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto server_cleanup;
   }
 
   flag = 1;
   if(setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void *)&flag, sizeof(flag))) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto server_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -1151,9 +1151,9 @@ static int test_rtspd(int argc, const char *argv[])
   }
 #endif /* USE_IPV6 */
   if(rc) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error binding socket on port %hu (%d) %s", port,
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto server_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -1172,9 +1172,9 @@ static int test_rtspd(int argc, const char *argv[])
       la_size = sizeof(localaddr.sa6);
 #endif
     if(getsockname(sock, &localaddr.sa, &la_size) < 0) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("getsockname() failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       sclose(sock);
       goto server_cleanup;
     }
@@ -1205,9 +1205,9 @@ static int test_rtspd(int argc, const char *argv[])
   /* start accepting connections */
   rc = listen(sock, 5);
   if(rc) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("listen() failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto server_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -1232,9 +1232,9 @@ static int test_rtspd(int argc, const char *argv[])
     if(got_exit_signal)
       break;
     if(msgsock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("MAJOR ERROR, accept() failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       break;
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/server/sockfilt.c b/tests/server/sockfilt.c
index 22aec2a02c..f5c47baab2 100644
--- a/tests/server/sockfilt.c
+++ b/tests/server/sockfilt.c
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ static bool juggle(curl_socket_t *sockfdp,
   curl_socket_t sockfd = CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   int maxfd = -99;
   ssize_t rc;
-  int error = 0;
+  int sockerr = 0;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
 
   unsigned char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -1014,11 +1014,11 @@ static bool juggle(curl_socket_t *sockfdp,
       logmsg("signalled to die, exiting...");
       return FALSE;
     }
-  } while((rc == -1) && ((error = SOCKERRNO) == SOCKEINTR));
+  } while((rc == -1) && ((sockerr = SOCKERRNO) == SOCKEINTR));
 
   if(rc < 0) {
     logmsg("select() failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     return FALSE;
   }
 
@@ -1120,9 +1120,9 @@ static bool juggle(curl_socket_t *sockfdp,
          client connecting. */
       curl_socket_t newfd = accept(sockfd, NULL, NULL);
       if(newfd == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-        error = SOCKERRNO;
+        sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
         logmsg("accept() failed with error (%d) %s",
-               error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+               sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       }
       else {
         logmsg("====> Client connect");
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ static int test_sockfilt(int argc, const char *argv[])
   int wroteportfile = 0;
   bool juggle_again;
   int rc;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int arg = 1;
   enum sockmode mode = PASSIVE_LISTEN; /* default */
@@ -1293,9 +1293,9 @@ static int test_sockfilt(int argc, const char *argv[])
   sock = socket(socket_domain, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
 
   if(sock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error creating socket (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     write_stdout("FAIL\n", 5);
     goto sockfilt_cleanup;
   }
@@ -1331,9 +1331,9 @@ static int test_sockfilt(int argc, const char *argv[])
       rc = 1;
     }
     if(rc) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("Error connecting to port %hu (%d) %s", server_connectport,
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       write_stdout("FAIL\n", 5);
       goto sockfilt_cleanup;
     }
diff --git a/tests/server/socksd.c b/tests/server/socksd.c
index 331b67ca1d..ebd5aff7d7 100644
--- a/tests/server/socksd.c
+++ b/tests/server/socksd.c
@@ -228,9 +228,9 @@ static curl_socket_t socksconnect(unsigned short connectport,
 
   if(rc) {
     char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
-    int error = SOCKERRNO;
+    int sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Failed connecting to %s:%hu (%d) %s", connectaddr, connectport,
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }
   logmsg("Connected fine to %s:%d", connectaddr, connectport);
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ static bool socksd_incoming(curl_socket_t listenfd)
   do {
     int i;
     ssize_t rc;
-    int error = 0;
+    int sockerr = 0;
     char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
     curl_socket_t sockfd = listenfd;
     int maxfd = (int)sockfd;
@@ -668,20 +668,20 @@ static bool socksd_incoming(curl_socket_t listenfd)
         logmsg("signalled to die, exiting...");
         return FALSE;
       }
-    } while((rc == -1) && ((error = SOCKERRNO) == SOCKEINTR));
+    } while((rc == -1) && ((sockerr = SOCKERRNO) == SOCKEINTR));
 
     if(rc < 0) {
       logmsg("select() failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       return FALSE;
     }
 
     if((clients < 2) && FD_ISSET(sockfd, &fds_read)) {
       curl_socket_t newfd = accept(sockfd, NULL, NULL);
       if(newfd == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-        error = SOCKERRNO;
+        sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
         logmsg("accept() failed with error (%d) %s",
-               error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+               sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       }
       else {
         curl_socket_t remotefd;
@@ -732,7 +732,6 @@ static int test_socksd(int argc, const char *argv[])
   int wrotepidfile = 0;
   int wroteportfile = 0;
   bool juggle_again;
-  int error;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int arg = 1;
 
@@ -866,9 +865,9 @@ static int test_socksd(int argc, const char *argv[])
   sock = socket(socket_domain, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
 
   if(sock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    int sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error creating socket (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto socks5_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -919,7 +918,7 @@ socks5_cleanup:
 
 #ifdef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
   if(unlink_socket && socket_domain == AF_UNIX && unix_socket) {
-    error = unlink(unix_socket);
+    int error = unlink(unix_socket);
     logmsg("unlink(%s) = %d (%s)", unix_socket,
            error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
   }
diff --git a/tests/server/sws.c b/tests/server/sws.c
index 5cb725d0c8..2577c891ba 100644
--- a/tests/server/sws.c
+++ b/tests/server/sws.c
@@ -1048,9 +1048,9 @@ retry:
             res = curlx_wait_ms(250);
             if(res) {
               /* should not happen */
-              error = SOCKERRNO;
+              int sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
               logmsg("curlx_wait_ms() failed with error (%d) %s",
-                     error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+                     sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
               break;
             }
           }
@@ -1192,13 +1192,13 @@ static int sws_get_request(curl_socket_t sock, struct sws_httprequest *req)
     }
     else if(got < 0) {
       char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
-      int error = SOCKERRNO;
-      if(SOCK_EAGAIN(error)) {
+      int sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
+      if(SOCK_EAGAIN(sockerr)) {
         /* nothing to read at the moment */
         return 0;
       }
       logmsg("recv() returned error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       fail = 1;
     }
     if(fail) {
@@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ static curl_socket_t connect_to(const char *ipaddr, unsigned short port)
 {
   srvr_sockaddr_union_t serveraddr;
   curl_socket_t serverfd;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int rc = 0;
   const char *op_br = "";
@@ -1266,9 +1266,9 @@ static curl_socket_t connect_to(const char *ipaddr, unsigned short port)
 
   serverfd = socket(socket_domain, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
   if(serverfd == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error creating socket for server connection (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }
 
@@ -1286,9 +1286,9 @@ static curl_socket_t connect_to(const char *ipaddr, unsigned short port)
    * Windows has an internal retry logic that may lead to long
    * timeouts if the peer is not listening. */
   if(curlx_nonblock(serverfd, TRUE)) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("curlx_nonblock(TRUE) failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     sclose(serverfd);
     return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }
@@ -1333,8 +1333,8 @@ static curl_socket_t connect_to(const char *ipaddr, unsigned short port)
   }
 
   if(rc) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
-    if((error == SOCKEINPROGRESS) || SOCK_EAGAIN(error)) {
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
+    if((sockerr == SOCKEINPROGRESS) || SOCK_EAGAIN(sockerr)) {
       fd_set output;
       struct timeval timeout = { 0 };
       timeout.tv_sec = 1; /* 1000 ms */
@@ -1346,13 +1346,13 @@ static curl_socket_t connect_to(const char *ipaddr, unsigned short port)
         if(rc < 0 && SOCKERRNO != SOCKEINTR)
           goto error;
         else if(rc > 0) {
-          curl_socklen_t errSize = sizeof(error);
+          curl_socklen_t errSize = sizeof(sockerr);
           if(getsockopt(serverfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR,
-                        (void *)&error, &errSize))
-            error = SOCKERRNO;
-          if((error == 0) || (SOCKEISCONN == error))
+                        (void *)&sockerr, &errSize))
+            sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
+          if((sockerr == 0) || (SOCKEISCONN == sockerr))
             goto success;
-          else if((error != SOCKEINPROGRESS) && !SOCK_EAGAIN(error))
+          else if((sockerr != SOCKEINPROGRESS) && !SOCK_EAGAIN(sockerr))
             goto error;
         }
         else if(!rc) {
@@ -1364,7 +1364,7 @@ static curl_socket_t connect_to(const char *ipaddr, unsigned short port)
     }
 error:
     logmsg("Error connecting to server port %hu (%d) %s", port,
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     sclose(serverfd);
     return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }
@@ -1373,9 +1373,9 @@ success:
          op_br, ipaddr, cl_br, port);
 
   if(curlx_nonblock(serverfd, FALSE)) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("curlx_nonblock(FALSE) failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     sclose(serverfd);
     return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }
@@ -1802,7 +1802,7 @@ static void http_upgrade(struct sws_httprequest *req)
 static curl_socket_t accept_connection(curl_socket_t sock)
 {
   curl_socket_t msgsock = CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int flag = 1;
 
@@ -1820,20 +1820,20 @@ static curl_socket_t accept_connection(curl_socket_t sock)
   }
 
   if(msgsock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
-    if(SOCK_EAGAIN(error)) {
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
+    if(SOCK_EAGAIN(sockerr)) {
       /* nothing to accept */
       return 0;
     }
     logmsg("MAJOR ERROR, accept() failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }
 
   if(curlx_nonblock(msgsock, TRUE)) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("curlx_nonblock failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     sclose(msgsock);
     return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }
@@ -1843,9 +1843,9 @@ static curl_socket_t accept_connection(curl_socket_t sock)
 #endif
     if(setsockopt(msgsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE,
                   (void *)&flag, sizeof(flag))) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("setsockopt(SO_KEEPALIVE) failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       sclose(msgsock);
       return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
     }
@@ -1974,7 +1974,7 @@ static int test_sws(int argc, const char *argv[])
 #endif
   struct sws_httprequest *req = NULL;
   int rc = 0;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int arg = 1;
   const char *connecthost = "127.0.0.1";
@@ -2146,9 +2146,9 @@ static int test_sws(int argc, const char *argv[])
   num_sockets = 1;
 
   if(sock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error creating socket (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto sws_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -2158,18 +2158,18 @@ static int test_sws(int argc, const char *argv[])
     flag = 1;
     if(setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
                   (void *)&flag, sizeof(flag))) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       goto sws_cleanup;
     }
 #if defined(_WIN32) && defined(USE_UNIX_SOCKETS)
   }
 #endif
   if(curlx_nonblock(sock, TRUE)) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("curlx_nonblock failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto sws_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -2196,15 +2196,15 @@ static int test_sws(int argc, const char *argv[])
 #endif /* USE_UNIX_SOCKETS */
   }
   if(rc) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
 #ifdef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
     if(socket_domain == AF_UNIX)
       logmsg("Error binding socket on path %s (%d) %s", unix_socket,
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     else
 #endif
       logmsg("Error binding socket on port %hu (%d) %s", port,
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto sws_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -2223,9 +2223,9 @@ static int test_sws(int argc, const char *argv[])
       la_size = sizeof(localaddr.sa6);
 #endif
     if(getsockname(sock, &localaddr.sa, &la_size) < 0) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("getsockname() failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       sclose(sock);
       goto sws_cleanup;
     }
@@ -2262,9 +2262,9 @@ static int test_sws(int argc, const char *argv[])
   /* start accepting connections */
   rc = listen(sock, 50);
   if(rc) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("listen() failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     goto sws_cleanup;
   }
 
@@ -2336,9 +2336,9 @@ static int test_sws(int argc, const char *argv[])
       goto sws_cleanup;
 
     if(rc < 0) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("select() failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       goto sws_cleanup;
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/server/tftpd.c b/tests/server/tftpd.c
index b7e774db0c..65e8eb0bfa 100644
--- a/tests/server/tftpd.c
+++ b/tests/server/tftpd.c
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ static int test_tftpd(int argc, const char **argv)
   curl_socket_t sock = CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   int flag;
   int rc;
-  int error;
+  int sockerr;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   struct testcase test;
   int result = 0;
@@ -1121,18 +1121,18 @@ static int test_tftpd(int argc, const char **argv)
 #endif
 
   if(sock == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error creating socket (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     result = 1;
     goto tftpd_cleanup;
   }
 
   flag = 1;
   if(setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void *)&flag, sizeof(flag))) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed with error (%d) %s",
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     result = 1;
     goto tftpd_cleanup;
   }
@@ -1156,9 +1156,9 @@ static int test_tftpd(int argc, const char **argv)
   }
 #endif /* USE_IPV6 */
   if(rc) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("Error binding socket on port %hu (%d) %s", port,
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     result = 1;
     goto tftpd_cleanup;
   }
@@ -1178,9 +1178,9 @@ static int test_tftpd(int argc, const char **argv)
       la_size = sizeof(localaddr.sa6);
 #endif
     if(getsockname(sock, &localaddr.sa, &la_size) < 0) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("getsockname() failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       sclose(sock);
       goto tftpd_cleanup;
     }
diff --git a/tests/server/util.c b/tests/server/util.c
index 3a76d27697..e1b6967e14 100644
--- a/tests/server/util.c
+++ b/tests/server/util.c
@@ -656,7 +656,6 @@ void restore_signal_handlers(bool keep_sigalrm)
 int bind_unix_socket(curl_socket_t sock, const char *unix_socket,
                      struct sockaddr_un *sau)
 {
-  int error;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
   int rc;
   size_t len;
@@ -678,20 +677,22 @@ int bind_unix_socket(curl_socket_t sock, const char *unix_socket,
   rc = bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)sau, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
   if(rc && SOCKERRNO == SOCKEADDRINUSE) {
     curlx_struct_stat statbuf;
+    int sockerr;
     /* socket already exists. Perhaps it is stale? */
     curl_socket_t unixfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
     if(unixfd == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("Failed to create socket at %s (%d) %s", unix_socket,
-             SOCKERRNO, curlx_strerror(SOCKERRNO, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       return -1;
     }
     /* check whether the server is alive */
     rc = connect(unixfd, (struct sockaddr*)sau, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     sclose(unixfd);
-    if(rc && error != SOCKECONNREFUSED) {
+    if(rc && sockerr != SOCKECONNREFUSED) {
       logmsg("Failed to connect to %s (%d) %s", unix_socket,
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       return rc;
     }
     /* socket server is not alive, now check if it was actually a socket. */
@@ -739,7 +740,7 @@ curl_socket_t sockdaemon(curl_socket_t sock,
   int maxretr = 10;
   int delay = 20;
   int attempt = 0;
-  int error = 0;
+  int sockerr = 0;
   char errbuf[STRERROR_LEN];
 
 #ifndef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
@@ -755,16 +756,16 @@ curl_socket_t sockdaemon(curl_socket_t sock,
       rc = setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
                       (void *)&flag, sizeof(flag));
       if(rc) {
-        error = SOCKERRNO;
+        sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
         logmsg("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed with error (%d) %s",
-               error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+               sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
         if(maxretr) {
           rc = curlx_wait_ms(delay);
           if(rc) {
             /* should not happen */
-            error = SOCKERRNO;
+            sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
             logmsg("curlx_wait_ms() failed with error (%d) %s",
-                   error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+                   sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
             sclose(sock);
             return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
           }
@@ -782,7 +783,7 @@ curl_socket_t sockdaemon(curl_socket_t sock,
     if(rc) {
       logmsg("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) failed %d times in %d ms. "
              "Error (%d) %s", attempt, totdelay,
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       logmsg("Continuing anyway...");
     }
 #if defined(_WIN32) && defined(USE_UNIX_SOCKETS)
@@ -819,15 +820,15 @@ curl_socket_t sockdaemon(curl_socket_t sock,
   }
 
   if(rc) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
 #ifdef USE_UNIX_SOCKETS
     if(socket_domain == AF_UNIX)
       logmsg("Error binding socket on path %s (%d) %s", unix_socket,
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     else
 #endif
       logmsg("Error binding socket on port %hu (%d) %s", *listenport,
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     sclose(sock);
     return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }
@@ -849,9 +850,9 @@ curl_socket_t sockdaemon(curl_socket_t sock,
 #endif
       la_size = sizeof(localaddr.sa4);
     if(getsockname(sock, &localaddr.sa, &la_size) < 0) {
-      error = SOCKERRNO;
+      sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
       logmsg("getsockname() failed with error (%d) %s",
-             error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+             sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
       sclose(sock);
       return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
     }
@@ -887,9 +888,9 @@ curl_socket_t sockdaemon(curl_socket_t sock,
   /* start accepting connections */
   rc = listen(sock, 5);
   if(rc) {
-    error = SOCKERRNO;
+    sockerr = SOCKERRNO;
     logmsg("listen(%ld, 5) failed with error (%d) %s", (long)sock,
-           error, curlx_strerror(error, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
+           sockerr, curlx_strerror(sockerr, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf)));
     sclose(sock);
     return CURL_SOCKET_BAD;
   }