tidy-up: miscellaneous

- examples: sync debug output printf masks.
- INSTALL-CMAKE.md: tidy up section for some options.
- curl_sha512_256: delete comment suggesting an optimization.
- vtls/keylog: scope a variable.
- vtls/openssl: make a source code URL a permalink.
- vtls/schannel: drop redundant parentheses.
- test1119.pl: robustify `$1` -> `$s`.
- sync arg names in comments to match the code.
- tidy up and minor fixes to comments.
- fix formatting/indenting/comment/newline/include nits.
- move `UNITTEST` protos next to definitions, sync their argument names.
- make variables static.
- add parentheses to Perl `open()` calls.
- drop unnecessary double quotes in Perl.
- clang-format.

Closes #21000

lib/protocol.c

@@ -322,8 +322,7 @@ const struct Curl_scheme Curl_scheme_smb = {
 
 const struct Curl_scheme Curl_scheme_smbs = {
   "smbs",                               /* scheme */
-#if defined(CURL_ENABLE_SMB) && defined(USE_CURL_NTLM_CORE) &&  \
-  defined(USE_SSL)
+#if defined(CURL_ENABLE_SMB) && defined(USE_CURL_NTLM_CORE) && defined(USE_SSL)
   &Curl_protocol_smb,
 #else
   ZERO_NULL,
@@ -405,7 +404,7 @@ const struct Curl_scheme Curl_scheme_ws = {
 const struct Curl_scheme Curl_scheme_wss = {
   "wss",                                /* scheme */
 #if defined(CURL_DISABLE_WEBSOCKETS) || defined(CURL_DISABLE_HTTP) || \
-    !defined(USE_SSL)
+  !defined(USE_SSL)
   ZERO_NULL,
 #else
   &Curl_protocol_ws,