memdebug: include in unity batch

Before this patch `memdebug.c` was compiled as a separate source in
unity builds. This was necessary because `memdebug.c` failed to compile
if `memdebug.h` was included before it, in `CURLDEBUG` mode. This patch
fixes this issue and allows to compile `memdebug.c` as part of the unity
source batch. This removes an exception and makes builds perform a notch
better.

- introduce `CURL_SCLOSE()` macro as an immutable synonym of `sclose()`.
- memdebug: replace `sclose()` reference with `CURL_SCLOSE()` to compile
  as expected when `sclose()` is overridden by `memdebug.h`.
- memdebug: make it not break when including `memdebug.h` before it in
  `CURLDEBUG` mode. Do this by calling low-level functions as
  `(function)`.
- autotools, cmake: drop memdebug exception, include it like any other
  source file. This is now possible because `memdebug.c` doesn't break
  if `memdebug.h` was included before it, in `CURLDEBUG` builds.
- mk-unity: drop `--exclude` option. No longer used after this patch.
- drop `MEMDEBUG_NODEFINES` macro hack. No longer necessary.

Ref: #16747
Closes #16746
Closes #16738
Closes #17631

lib/memdebug.h

@@ -126,8 +126,6 @@ CURL_EXTERN ALLOC_FUNC
 
 #endif /* HEADER_CURL_MEMDEBUG_H_EXTERNS */
 
-#ifndef MEMDEBUG_NODEFINES
-
 /* Set this symbol on the command-line, recompile all lib-sources */
 #undef strdup
 #define strdup(ptr) curl_dbg_strdup(ptr, __LINE__, __FILE__)
@@ -187,8 +185,6 @@ CURL_EXTERN ALLOC_FUNC
 #define fdopen(file,mode) curl_dbg_fdopen(file,mode,__LINE__,__FILE__)
 #define fclose(file) curl_dbg_fclose(file,__LINE__,__FILE__)
 
-#endif /* MEMDEBUG_NODEFINES */
-
 #endif /* CURLDEBUG */
 
 /*