cf-socket: keep sockaddr local in the socket filters

- copy `struct Curl_addrinfo` on filter setup into context
- remove `struct Curl_addrinfoi *` with `struct Curl_sockaddr_ex *` in
  connectdata that is set and NULLed by the socket filter
- this means we have no reference to the resolver info in connectdata or
  its filters
- trigger the CF_CTRL_CONN_INFO_UPDATE event when the complete filter
  chain reaches connected status
- update easy handle connection information on CF_CTRL_DATA_SETUP event.

Closes #10213

lib/sendf.c

@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ ssize_t Curl_send_plain(struct Curl_easy *data, int num,
 #if defined(MSG_FASTOPEN) && !defined(TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT) /* Linux */
   if(conn->bits.tcp_fastopen) {
     bytes_written = sendto(sockfd, mem, len, MSG_FASTOPEN,
-                           conn->ip_addr->ai_addr, conn->ip_addr->ai_addrlen);
+                           conn->remote_addr.addr, conn->remote_addr.addrlen);
     conn->bits.tcp_fastopen = FALSE;
   }
   else