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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
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## See the Protocol
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Using curl's option [`--verbose`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-v)
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Using curl's option [`--verbose`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-v)
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(`-v` as a short option) will display what kind of commands curl sends to the
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server, as well as a few other informational texts.
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@ -46,8 +46,8 @@
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understand the curl<->server interaction.
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Sometimes even `--verbose` is not enough. Then
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[`--trace`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-trace) and
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[`--trace-ascii`]((https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--trace-ascii)
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[`--trace`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-trace) and
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[`--trace-ascii`]((https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--trace-ascii)
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offer even more details as they show **everything** curl sends and
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receives. Use it like this:
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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
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Many times you may wonder what exactly is taking all the time, or you just
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want to know the amount of milliseconds between two points in a transfer. For
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those, and other similar situations, the
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[`--trace-time`]((https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--trace-time) option
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[`--trace-time`]((https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--trace-time) option
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is what you need. It'll prepend the time to each trace output line:
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curl --trace-ascii d.txt --trace-time http://example.com/
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
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The Uniform Resource Locator format is how you specify the address of a
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particular resource on the Internet. You know these, you've seen URLs like
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https://curl.haxx.se or https://yourbank.com a million times. RFC 3986 is the
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https://curl.se or https://yourbank.com a million times. RFC 3986 is the
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canonical spec. And yeah, the formal name is not URL, it is URI.
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## Host
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@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
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For development and other trying out situations, you can point to a different
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IP address for a host name than what would otherwise be used, by using curl's
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[`--resolve`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--resolve) option:
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[`--resolve`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--resolve) option:
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curl --resolve www.example.org:80:127.0.0.1 http://www.example.org/
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@ -141,19 +141,19 @@
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issues a GET request to the server and receives the document it asked for.
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If you issue the command line
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curl https://curl.haxx.se
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curl https://curl.se
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you get a web page returned in your terminal window. The entire HTML document
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that that URL holds.
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All HTTP replies contain a set of response headers that are normally hidden,
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use curl's [`--include`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-i) (`-i`)
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use curl's [`--include`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-i) (`-i`)
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option to display them as well as the rest of the document.
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## HEAD
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You can ask the remote server for ONLY the headers by using the
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[`--head`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-I) (`-I`) option which
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[`--head`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-I) (`-I`) option which
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will make curl issue a HEAD request. In some special cases servers deny the
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HEAD method while others still work, which is a particular kind of annoyance.
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@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
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curl http://url1.example.com http://url2.example.com
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If you use [`--data`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-d) to POST to
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If you use [`--data`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-d) to POST to
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the URL, using multiple URLs means that you send that same POST to all the
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given URLs.
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@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
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Sometimes you need to operate on several URLs in a single command line and do
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different HTTP methods on each. For this, you'll enjoy the
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[`--next`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-:) option. It is basically
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[`--next`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-:) option. It is basically
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a separator that separates a bunch of options from the next. All the URLs
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before `--next` will get the same method and will get all the POST data
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merged into one.
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@ -370,10 +370,10 @@
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The site might require a different authentication method (check the headers
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returned by the server), and then
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[`--ntlm`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--ntlm),
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[`--digest`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--digest),
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[`--negotiate`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--negotiate) or even
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[`--anyauth`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--anyauth) might be
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[`--ntlm`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--ntlm),
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[`--digest`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--digest),
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[`--negotiate`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--negotiate) or even
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[`--anyauth`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--anyauth) might be
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options that suit you.
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## Proxy Authentication
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@ -383,12 +383,12 @@
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may require its own user and password to allow the client to get through to
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the Internet. To specify those with curl, run something like:
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curl --proxy-user proxyuser:proxypassword curl.haxx.se
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curl --proxy-user proxyuser:proxypassword curl.se
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If your proxy requires the authentication to be done using the NTLM method,
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use [`--proxy-ntlm`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--proxy-ntlm), if
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use [`--proxy-ntlm`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--proxy-ntlm), if
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it requires Digest use
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[`--proxy-digest`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#--proxy-digest).
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[`--proxy-digest`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#--proxy-digest).
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If you use any one of these user+password options but leave out the password
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part, curl will prompt for the password interactively.
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@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
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If you use curl to POST to a site that immediately redirects you to another
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page, you can safely use
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[`--location`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-L) (`-L`) and
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[`--location`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-L) (`-L`) and
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`--data`/`--form` together. curl will only use POST in the first request, and
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then revert to GET in the following operations.
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@ -501,13 +501,13 @@
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Cookies are sent as common HTTP headers. This is practical as it allows curl
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to record cookies simply by recording headers. Record cookies with curl by
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using the [`--dump-header`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-D) (`-D`)
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using the [`--dump-header`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-D) (`-D`)
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option like:
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curl --dump-header headers_and_cookies http://www.example.com
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(Take note that the
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[`--cookie-jar`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-c) option described
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[`--cookie-jar`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-c) option described
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below is a better way to store cookies.)
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Curl has a full blown cookie parsing engine built-in that comes in use if you
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curl --cookie stored_cookies_in_file http://www.example.com
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Curl's "cookie engine" gets enabled when you use the
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[`--cookie`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-b) option. If you only
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[`--cookie`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-b) option. If you only
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want curl to understand received cookies, use `--cookie` with a file that
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doesn't exist. Example, if you want to let curl understand cookies from a
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page and follow a location (and thus possibly send back cookies it received),
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curl also tries to verify that the server is who it claims to be, by
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verifying the server's certificate against a locally stored CA cert
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bundle. Failing the verification will cause curl to deny the connection. You
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must then use [`--insecure`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-k)
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must then use [`--insecure`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-k)
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(`-k`) in case you want to tell curl to ignore that the server can't be
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verified.
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More about server certificate verification and ca cert bundles can be read in
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the [SSLCERTS document](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html).
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the [SSLCERTS document](https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html).
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At times you may end up with your own CA cert store and then you can tell
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curl to use that to verify the server's certificate:
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@ -611,7 +611,7 @@
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It should be noted that curl selects which methods to use on its own
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depending on what action to ask for. `-d` will do POST, `-I` will do HEAD and
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so on. If you use the
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[`--request`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-X) / `-X` option you
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[`--request`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-X) / `-X` option you
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can change the method keyword curl selects, but you will not modify curl's
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behavior. This means that if you for example use -d "data" to do a POST, you
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can modify the method to a `PROPFIND` with `-X` and curl will still think it
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- Make sure you check for and use cookies when needed (both reading with
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`--cookie` and writing with `--cookie-jar`)
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- Set user-agent (with [`-A`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-A)) to
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- Set user-agent (with [`-A`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-A)) to
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one like a recent popular browser does
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- Set referer (with [`-E`](https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-E)) like
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- Set referer (with [`-E`](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-E)) like
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it is set by the browser
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- If you use POST, make sure you send all the fields and in the same order as
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